The Janissaries Of The Ottoman/Turkish Empire Essay

The Janissaries of the Ottoman/Turkish Empire nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Janissaries was an elite corp. in the standing army of the Ottoman Empire from the late 14th century to 1826. Highly respected for their military prowess in the 15th and 16th centuries, the Janissaries became a powerful force to be reckoned with on the battlefield, and in government administrations. The janissaries were organized into three unequal divisions: the cemaat, bà ¶là ¼khalki, and segban. The Janissary corps was originally staffed by Christian youths from the Balkan provinces who were converted to Islam on being drafted into the Ottoman service. Another way the Janissaries found new soldiers was by enslaving their enemies and forcing them into service.†¦show more content†¦The boys he takes in his own land are called cilik. Then they take those who are physically built for battle on ships and there they study and train to fight in battles. There the emperor provides for them and gives them a wage. From there he chooses for his own cou rt of those who are to train him. The younger soldier must serve the older, and those who come of age and attain manhood, the sultan assigns to the fortress for further training. To better visualize and understand a battle involving the Janissaries we must look through the eyes of one of these elite soldiers. We do this through the memoirs of a janissaries solider named Konstantin Mihailovic. Mihailovic was a Serb who was captured by Mehmed II in 1455 where he was â€Å"drafted† into the Janissaries Corps. During his long career as a soldier he fought in many epic battles. In one of these battles he actually fought Vlad Tsepes, also known as Dracula. He was finally captured, given back his freedom and reconverted to Christianity. After these experiences, he settled in Poland where he wrote his memoirs. In this brief description, he tells of a Janissary siege. â€Å"The Turkish emperor storms and captures cities and also fortresses at great expense in order not to remain there long with the army. First having battered the city or fortress walls until it seems sufficient to him, and seeing that it is the moment to launch a general assault, he then order s it to be cried throughout the army.† AShow MoreRelatedThe Ottoman Empire Essay1146 Words   |  5 PagesThe Ottoman Empire Around 1293 the chieftain of a nomadic Turkish tribe named Osman, founded an empire that would endure almost six hundred years. As this empire grew by conquering lands of the Byzantine Empire and beyond, it came to include, at its height, all of Asia Minor, Albania, Greece, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Romania, Egypt, Crete, Cyprus, Palestine, and North Africa through Algeria; parts of Hungry, Austria, Russia, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Oman, U.A.E., and Syria. The elite tactics and fearsomeRead MoreChildren in the Janissary Corps of the Ottoman Empire Essay836 Words   |  4 Pagescome to mind. But the Ottoman Empire had a military unit made entirely of young Christian boys. There are two types of elite forces that serve the Sultan: cavalry (The Cavalry of the servants of the Porete) and infantry (Janissary corps). The Janissary corps is also known as the yeniceri ocak, or â€Å"new soldiers corps.† and were the slaves of the sultan. They were trained and educated to be the most formidabl e force in Europe and had tremendous political power. The Janissary corps is organized intoRead MoreTurqueric Influence in Mozarts Alla Turca2363 Words   |  10 Pagesused to describe artifacts made in Turkey, or in France by Turkish craftsmen, and by derivation the influence on French design of elements from the Byzantine Empire, the Saljuq Islamic period and the Ottoman Empire.’ 1 In music, the influence of Turkish culture in European society also spurred composers like Mozart, Haydn and Beethoven to write music with the used of Alla Turca style in 18th century. Alla Turca was being referred to the ‘Turkish music’, however it is not purely music of Turkey but ratherRead More18th Century Ottoman Essay2216 Words   |  9 PagesCentury Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire was a state founded by Turkish tribes under Osman Bey in 1299. Under the leadership of Mehmed II, this fledgling nation became an empire with the conquest of Constantinople in 1452 by Mehmed II. The Ottoman Empire continued in its imperial form until it became the Republic of Turkey in 1923. As an empire, it was the most powerful state in the world with 32 provinces during the seventeenth century. In the last half of the seventeenth century, the Ottoman EmpireRead MoreThe Origins Of The Percussion Family1310 Words   |  6 Pagesclassify the plethora of instruments. For the sake of this document we will use the broad classification of Janissary instruments and non-Janissary instruments. The Janissary instruments find their roots in the Turkish military bands of the Ottoman Empire. The term Janissary refers to the Turkish Yeà ±i-à §eri, or â€Å"new troops†. Sultan Orkhan I, of the Ottoman Empire, created The Janissaries, but his successor, Murad I, off icially established the corps circa 1360’s CE. They were originally an eliteRead MoreThe Age of Gunpowder Empires, 1450–1800 Essay941 Words   |  4 Pagesthings in history is the nature of nations and empires. 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Janissary music was used to help reinforce negative stereotypes about the Turkish people and â€Å"the popular image of the Turk represented in them [Operas centered on Turkish subjects] centered on promiscuous sexual ity (the European interpretation of IslamicRead MoreFinal Essay1043 Words   |  5 Pagesdelivered a third and final strike, composed widely of Janissaries of whom were thoroughly trained in the expertise of battle. Despite a swift attempt by our soldiers to again tip the ladders that allowed the Turks to scale the city walls, many enemy forces made headway over the top and eagerly slaughtered their way into the city. While in the last two attempts we had successfully fended off the invasion, the pursuit of their trained Janissaries quickly proved superior as they battled  their way throughRead MoreFall of the Ottoman Empire Essay3046 Words   |  13 PagesAdnan Khawaja 1EP-5 4/2/12 (Super Awesome Title) The Ottoman empire; one of the greatest empires in history. The Empire, at its height, ruled most of the land around the Mediterranean. It contributed much to culture, science, religion, war, politics, and the world. Its monumental fall will be known throughout history. How can the swift decline of the Ottoman power be explained? Perhaps the best way to understand how important this event was, there needs to be a brief explanation of the historyRead MoreSuleiman the Magnificent1501 Words   |  7 PagesSuleiman the Magnificent The Ottoman Empire was an empire lasting from 1299 to 1923. Osman was leading the small Ottoman Empire in 1299 in western Anatolia and he was slowly extending his settlements away from his Muslim neighbors. It was not allowed for Muslims to kill other Muslims. He had a number of soldiers called the Ghazis who were brave, loyal and fearless. These solders helped Osman tread into unknown land and spread his rule. Osman’s name was becoming more known and after his death, people

Hills Like White Elephants - 911 Words

Every day people make decisions that affect their future lives. What makes a right decision? What may be right to some may be wrong to others. Right and wrong decisions are objective and vary among each individual. â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants,† by Ernest Hemingway, portrays the idea of decision making between two characters in a valley in Spain as they wait for a train to arrive. Jig, the protagonist, attempts to make a crucial change in her life by making the right decision, although her flaws, including indecisiveness, prevent her from taking action in her decision. Jig and the American have had a romantic relationship for quite a while and now their future together is in jeopardy. The two of them are having a conversation on whether or not Jig should get an abortion. The man is trying to convince the woman to do something she is hesitant to do. Hemingway uses metaphors and symbolism to express their feelings and decision-making. â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† displays the differences in how a man and a woman may view pregnancy and abortion. Jig, a woman, sees pregnancy as a beautiful aspect in life. Hemingway uses symbolism in the couple’s conversation to imply the woman’s pregnancy. The woman refers to the nearby hills on the train platform as elephants; â€Å"They look like white elephants†. She compares the hills to her own situation, pregnancy; â€Å"They’re lovely hills. They don’t really look like white elephants. I just meant the coloring of their skin through the trees.†Show MoreRelatedHills Like White Elephants By Ernest Hemingway859 Words   |  4 PagesHills Like White Elephants, short story by Ernest Hemingway, published in 1927 in the periodical transition and later that year in the collection Men Without Women. 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Benefits and Limitaion of Sole Proprietorship

Question: Describe about the Benefits and Limitaion of Sole Proprietorship? Answer: Introduction In the world of accounting there are various forms of business each having its own advantages and disadvantages that needs to be looked into before any particular business is being understood and started by the company. There is always a question that what would be the best form to control a particular business and how it would be well managed by the enterprise. There are various factors such as how to plan for the same and where to invest in the long run so that maximum benefits can be reaped out without any issue involved. Accounting refers to the systematic process of verifying, recording, classifying, measuring, interpreting, identifying and communicating the financial information of business entity. It is a body of knowledge and practice which are concerned with the following activity: Keeping the financial record of the financial entity. Undergoing Internal audit Providing advise on the matter related to tax Objectives of Accounting To ascertain the financial result in the form of profit/loss of an enterprise. To determine the liquidity proportion of an enterprise. To support the enterprise decision making process. To keep the track record of all the transaction. Types of Business units Sole proprietorship A sole proprietorship is a type of self owned business and controlled by one person. There does not exist a separate legal entity concept in this form of business Sole proprietorship is an easiest form of business to start with. The person who starts the business of sole proprietorship is known as sole proprietor. A sole proprietor can start his business by using any trade name other than his own name.(Badson, 2007) Benefits of Sole Proprietorship Concern; There is just not few but many reasons why a person can choose to start a business in the form of sole proprietorship, the reasons are as follows: Ease of formation: Starting a sole proprietorship form of business is the easiest one when compared with any other form of business unit. It can be started by just one single person whereas in any other form of company; minimum number of person required to start the business is two. Tax Benefit: Health insurance benefit for employees is not deductible in the case of sole proprietorship form of business. There is various other tax benefit given to sole proprietor. Capital required: A sole proprietorship form of business can be started up with a small amount of capital. There is no fixed minimum capital requirement mentioned in any act to start or begin the sole proprietorship. Decision Making: In a sole proprietorship sort of business concern, there exists a feature of quick decision making. Since there is just one person who manages and controls the entire business unit and takes all necessary decision, therefore the time taken by other business unit in consulting the other member of the company is reduced in case of sole proprietorship. Limitation of Sole Proprietorship Concern The major limitations which are associated with sole proprietorship are as follows: Unlimited liability: The main liability of the owner is unlimited. It may extend to its personal property. Limited Capital: The sole proprietor is the only person who brings in capital in such type of business unit, thus the total amount of capital available is very less in such type of business unit Limited Scope of growth: In sole proprietorship, the scope for the growth of business is less due to the availability of small amount of capital and limited managerial skill and expertise. Partneship Form Of Business Unit A partnership is an arrangement between two people who with their mutual consent agree to manage the affairs of the business, and share the loss or profit of the business as decided mutually. The persons who agree to form a partnership business are known as partners.(Li, 2012) Benefits of Partnership Concern Ease of formation: The start up cost of setting up such a business unit is not too high. Even the compliance of legal formalities to start the partnership form of business is also very simple. Large resources: The resource or funds bringing capacity of partners are more than a single person which helps in the smooth running and growth of the business unit. Diverse skill and knowledge: Partnership is an association of skilled and expertise people who on the basis of their knowledge can help in the growth of business unit. Flexibility: Partnership form of business is flexible i.e. its operation can be changed depending on the circumstances. Limitation of Partnership Concern Cautious approach: Due to the unlimited limited of the partners, the partners play or run the business cautiously. They hesitate in taking up any new step or investment strategy. Non- transferability of interest: The partners cannot transfer their own interest in the firm to any other party or the third party without consulting the other partners. Lack of public confidence: In a partnership form of business, there exist no legal binding on the partners to furnish the accounts to public, thus the partners fails to receive the confidence of the general public. Limited Company Form Of Business Unit There are two types of limited company:(Blankenburg, 2010) Private Limited Company Public Limited Company Private Limited Company: Private limited company is a association of at least two and maximum fifty members. The liability of members in a private limited company is limited to the extent of shares subscribed or the amount of guarantee given by them. Benefit of Private Limited Company Continuity of existence: Private limited company enjoys continuity of existence. Company enjoys perpetual existence i.e. it continues to exist even after the death of its member. Limited Liability: it refers to the liability of the members in a private limited company is just limited as the amount of shares held by them, or the amount of guarantee given by them. Limitation of Private Limited Company Non-transferability of share: The shares of private limited company are not freely transferable i.e. they are not issued to general public for subscription. Lack of secrecy: the financial information of the company can be viewed by any number of people once it is filed by the registrar of the company. Public Limited Company A public limited company is a company whose shares are freely transferable i.e. it can be traded in the market. Public limited company requires the minimum capital of rupees five lacs to start up the business. Benefits of Public Limited Company Limited Liability: it refers to the liability of the members in a public limited company is limited to the extent of shares subscribed or the amount of guarantee given by them. Transferability of shares: It means shares are freely transferable i.e. the shares of public limited company is free for subscription, the public on their call can subscribe the share of the company which are traded or available in the stock market. Limitation of Public Limited Company Lack of secrecy: the financial information of the company can be viewed by any number of people once it is filed by the registrar of the company. Delay in Decision: Public limited comp0any is backed by a large number of members, thus all of them need to be consulted while taking any major decision, therefore making the decision making process time consuming. Whatever may be the form of the company, each and every business unit is useful to the user on the basis of their need. Sole proprietorship is of benefit to those who want to take quick decision and want to have a complete control on the company. Partnership is beneficial for those users who are reluctant to take the entire risk associated with the business and thus by the mutual consent agree to manage the affairs of the business and share the profit jointly. Whereas limited company is beneficial to those users who want their share to be freely transferable, and who are not willing to accept the unlimited liability burden associated with the other form of business. 2 Financial accounting is that part of accounting which describes the company position as a whole. Financial accounting deals with ascertaining the companys financial result, companys financial position and changes in the structure of the company. Management Accounting is also known as book-keeping accounting. Management accounting is concerned with managing the activity of collecting transmitting and processing the financial information for the proper analysis of the companys budget and internal control procedure. The difference between the two accounting method is as follows:(Mitra, 2009) Basis Management Accounting Financial Accounting Objective Book keeping and recording the transaction To ascertain the financial result and financial position. Task To record the transaction To draft the financial statement Legal binding Management accounting report is optional to be prepared. Financial accounting report is compulsory to be prepared. Segment Reporting Pertains to individual department of the organization Pertains to entire organization. Information Company goal driven information Monetary and verifiable information Focus It focuses on present and forecast the future It focuses on the past recorded information. Audience It produces information and report for the use of organization, employees and managers It produces reports for the external parties. Both management accounting and financial accounting is useful for a business concern. Management accounting develops the base of accounting whereas the financial accounting carry out the other necessary task to complete the task associated with the term accounting. 3 The different sources of finance are as follows: Short term finance Medium term finance Long term finance Short Term Source Of Finance There are various types of sources of short term finance available in the markets; some of them are as follows: Trade Credit- Trade credit is the credit given by the suppliers of the raw material to the manufacturers and traders. Usually suppliers give 30-90 days credit to the manufacturer.(Fosberg, 2013) Bank Credit- Commercial bank gives advances in the form of short term finance which is known as bank credit. When bank credit is allowed the withdrawer can withdraw the amount either in installment or at one time. Discounting of Bill- Bank also advance fund through promissory notes, hundies and bills of exchange. When customer present this document to bank, bank credit the amount mentioned in the bill after deducting discount. Medium Term Source Of Finance The types of medium term source of finance are as follows:(AbdulsAleh, 2013) Loans: loan provided for a term of 3-7 years period is known as medium term finance. The interest on loan can be fixed or variable. Lease Financing: Bank also provide finance lease which are supported by some foreign investors when compared with traditional source of finance. When other source of finance is not available or does not satisfy the need, it can be used. Currency bond: through domestic and foreign entities such bonds are issued to investors. Maturity period for such bond range from 9 months to 30 years. Long Term Source Of Finance The types of long term source of finance are as follows: Shares: a share is a share in the share capital which includes stock. A share is a best way of raising fund from the general public. By subscribing the shares of the company one become the member of the company and the company is able to get fund in the form of share capital. Government grant: some firms may be eligible to get grants from the government may be national or international. Such grant is received on a long term basis by the government. Debentures: A debenture is a document under the common seal that acknowledges loan to the company. Interest payments on debentures are tax deductible. Factoring: factoring refers to the services provided by the financial institution. Factoring is highly convenient form of finance. Rate of interest charged on factor is same as the rate charged on bank overdraft.(Caprio, 2012) All the three types of finance i.e. short term finance (for a period of maximum 3 years), medium term finance (for a period of maximum 3-7 years) and long term finance (for a period of more than 7 years) can be taken up by the business concern depending on their need and want of fund or capital. Conclusion On going over all the sources of finance available and the business forms which can be taken from the money inherited from the will and thus keeping in mind the advantages as well as the cons the decisions of the business form should be taken. If the capital is good enough to expand the business in future it can choose to go for LLP or company as well which would provide it with a good stage to grow in the long run Recommendation. The major decision is that whether the amount of loon needed can be financed from the long term or short term funds to suit the business style taken by the brothers. If they think of a limited company then there will be a need for the long term funds and of high amount also and if not small amount would also suffice. Therefore the decagons to the choose the write source rests on the company and the manager itself. References AbdulsAleh, A. M. (2013). MEDIUM TERM FINANCING. International Journal of Business and management , 1-19. Badson, D. (2007). benefits and limitaion of sole proprietorship. The New York Times , 1-4. Blankenburg, S. (2010). Limited liability concept. Cambridge journal of Economics , 1-4. Caprio, G. (2012). Role of long term finance. Oxford Journal , 171-189. Fosberg, R. H. (2013). Short-Term Debt Financing . International Journal of Business and Social Science , 1-5. Li, L. (2012). Partnership. Journal of Business Strategy , 1-9. Mitra, J. K. (2009). Difference between mangemnet and financial accounting. New Age International , 1-14. AASB. (2014). AASB has approved four new Standards. Australia Government , 1-1. AASB. (2013). Amendments to the Australian Conceptual Framework. Australia: Australian government. Accountants, C. (2013). Conceptual framework. CA Australia new zealand , 1-1. Association, A. I. (n.d.). Fundamental Analysis Ratio. Retrieved from https://www.investors.asn.au/: https://www.investors.asn.au/~invest11/assets/resources/education/shares/FinanicalRatiosDefined.pdf Lawlor, E. (2008). chart of Accounts. International journal on accounting , 1-2. Nath, U. K. (2012). Current and non-current liability. Journal on Accounting and Finance , 1-2. Shih, F. (2012). Copy and paste method. Journal of Central South university , 1-2. Sons, W. A. (2003). Accounting equation and its issue. Financial accounting in an economic context , 1. Warlior, K. S. (2009). Acounting Equation. Journal of Finance and Accounting , 1. Crfonline. (2015, March 20). Ratios and Formulas in Customer Financial Analysis. Retrieved from www.crfonline.org: https://www.crfonline.org/orc/cro/cro-16.html CRH Plc. (2015, March 20). Welcome to CRH. Retrieved from https://www.crh.com/: https://www.crh.com